I’m a graduate of Pomona College and went to USC School of Medicine. My residency began in internal medicine, after which I switched to psychiatry at the UCLA/Cedars-Sinai program. I did a post-graduate year in research and served as Chief Resident at the UCLA/VA Medical Center. Following training I became Board Certified in Psychiatry & Neurology, Geriatric Psychiatry, Administrative Psychiatry, and Addiction Medicine. I ran geriatric psychiatry inpatient units and served as Medical Director of several hospitals, including Cedars-Sinai Medical Center’s Department of Psychiatry and the Los Angeles VA’s Opiate Treatment Center. My past research efforts were in the development of transcranial magnetic stimulation, and in many of the antidepressants, antipsychotics, and insomnia agents in use today. More recent research has been in brain stimulation in tobacco craving. I have also been in private practice for 34 years.